Start with the movement and case
Dial printing is visible and easy to replace. Record case dimensions, caseback, crown, movement, jewel count markings, service marks and bracelet or strap separately.
Common Soviet watch names
Collectors frequently encounter Vostok, Raketa, Poljot, Slava, Pobeda and Molnija. Transliteration and export dials vary, so search multiple spellings and compare the movement rather than trusting the dial name.
Optics and instruments
Check lenses for haze, fungus, separation and scratches. Inspect focusing mechanisms, reticles, compass movement and case condition. Never look at the sun through unknown optics.
Service history
A properly serviced watch can be worth more as a usable object, but replacement dials, hands and crowns should be disclosed. Ask the seller exactly what was changed.
Marketplace research
Use listings as research leads, not proof of authenticity. Compare construction, markings, condition and provenance.